领导系统（leadership system）是指在整个组织中领导职能是如何以正式和非正式的方式实施的，这是决策制定、沟通和实施的依据和方式。它包括决策的结构和机制，双向沟通，领导者和管理者的选拔与培养，对价值观、道德行为、方向和绩效期望的强化。

　　有效的领导系统尊重员工及其他利益相关者的能力和要求，对绩效和绩效改进设定高的目标。它基于组织的价值观和对共同目标的追求，来构筑忠诚和团队合作。它鼓励和支持主动精神以及适当的冒险，使组织机构服从于宗旨和职能，避免决策路径过长的指挥链。有效的领导系统包括了领导者自我检查、获取反馈并进行改进的机制。

　　Leadership System

　　The term “leadership system” refers to how leadership is exercised, formally and informally, throughout the organization; it is the basis for and the way key decisions are made, communicated, and carried out. It includes structures and mechanisms for decision making; two-way communication; selection and development of leaders and managers; and reinforcement of values, ethical behavior, directions, and performance expectations.

　　An effective leadership system respects the capabilities and requirements of workforce members and other stakeholders, and it sets high expectations for performance and performance improvement. It builds loyalties and teamwork based on the organization’s vision and values and the pursuit of shared goals. It encourages and supports initiative and appropriate risk taking, subordinates organizational structure to purpose and function, and avoids chains of command that require long decision paths. An effective leadership system includes mechanisms for the leaders to conduct selfexamination, receive feedback, and improve.

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